The Beetle, Germany’s People’s Vehicle
Was it really born from Hitler’s orders?
The history of the now-extinct Beetle
July 30 holds different meanings for various people. It could be a birthday for some or a day of reflection on a past breakup for others. For car enthusiasts and history buffs, July 30, 2003, is a significant date as it marks the end of an era: the discontinuation of the first-generation Volkswagen Beetle at the Mexican factory. This day marked the conclusion of a vehicle that had achieved legendary status, ranking fourth in the list of the best-selling cars in history.
While the Volkswagen Beetle is often associated with its charming and iconic design, its origins are rooted in an unexpected history. The Beetle was conceived on the orders of Adolf Hitler. In 1934, Hitler envisioned a vehicle that would be affordable for every German citizen. His goal was to create a rear-wheel-drive car that could cruise at 100 km/h (62 mph) on the Autobahn yet cost only 1,000 marks (approximately $560) — a price point that made it accessible and practical for the average person.
Ironically, the Beetle that Americans loved, the second generation, was more powerful
The story of the Volkswagen Beetle began with its first-generation model, which was designed with distinctive features and a unique history. This original Beetle, a rear-wheel-drive vehicle with an air-cooled engine, was engineered to address specific needs. The choice of rear-wheel drive allowed the engine to be placed at the rear. It served multiple purposes: it provided protection against potential gunfire, enabled the car to be adapted for emergencies like sandbag filling, and allowed it to be used as an armored vehicle if necessary. The vehicle was modestly powered, producing a maximum of 26.6 horsepower and achieving a top speed of 98 km/h (61 mph).
Originally named “Volkswagen” — meaning “people’s vehicle” — the Beetle was rebranded as the “Beetle” when it entered the American market. This iconic name became synonymous with the car’s distinctive shape and cultural impact. Despite its success, the first-generation Beetle was discontinued in the U.S. and Europe. However, it continued production in Mexico under the name “Fusca” until 2003, when it was retired from production.
The second-generation Beetle debuted as a concept car at the 1994 North American International Auto Show and was officially launched in 1998 as the “New Beetle.” While it retained the classic Beetle’s outward appearance, it featured a complete overhaul of its interior and performance specifications. The New Beetle was powered by a 1,984 cc gasoline engine producing 114 horsepower. It also introduced modern safety and performance features, including front seat airbags and disc brakes on all four wheels, marking a significant evolution from its predecessor.
The birth of a sleek Beetle? Discontinued due to poor sales
The third-generation Beetle was unveiled at the 2011 Shanghai Motor Show. Its name was The Beetle. The existing rounded appearance was changed to a sleek and masculine design. An inline 4-cylinder engine and a DSG 6-speed dual-clutch transmission combined to produce a maximum output of 160 horsepower. The changed design was very well received at the time but did not lead to sales.
The Beetle was once given the sad nickname of “pretty trash.” Although it was very attractive, it was far less convenient than other cars, so its cost-effectiveness hit rock bottom. Although some enthusiasts often purchased them as second vehicles, they performed poorly. Finally, in July 2018, the Beetle was discontinued forever after its last production run in Mexico. By this point, July has become a painful month for the Beetle.
Is the Beetle’s design a trend? A timeless, streamlined shape
The term “Beetle” naturally comes to mind when you think of a round vehicle. Its rounded shape resembles a ladybug, but the Beetle’s design wasn’t unique. This teardrop or streamlined shape was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. If you look at cars like the Mercedes-Benz 120H or 170H and the Tatra T87 from that era, you’ll see they have a similar look.
Today, teardrop and streamlined designs are rare, but trends cycle through. The Hyundai Ioniq 6 features a streamlined design inspired by Hyundai’s concept car, the Prophecy. Its shape still evokes the Beetle. Although the original Beetle is gone, it remains a significant part of automotive history. And as history, it will continue to be remembered.
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